D\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde s\u0131ralanan hasret edebiyat\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131na, \u00f6zellikle Azerbaycan halk\u0131n\u0131n boyuna bi\u00e7ilen bir edebiyat numunesidir. Azerbaycan halk\u0131 tarih boyunca zulme, adaletsizli\u011fe, ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa maruz kalan bir millettir. B\u00fcy\u00fck turan ve T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131 parampar\u00e7a olan Azerbaycan’\u0131n mukaddes topraklar\u0131 da kurbanl\u0131k eti gibi payp\u00fc\u015f (par\u00e7aland\u0131) olundu. Ana baladan (yavrudan), karde\u015f karde\u015ften uzak d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Vatan\u0131 par\u00e7alayan serhat (s\u0131n\u0131r) direkleri, y\u00fcreklerimizi s\u0131zlatt\u0131; g\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131m\u0131z s\u00f6nd\u00fc, vatan topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kirli ayaklar\u0131 alt\u0131nda taptaland\u0131 (\u00e7i\u011fnendi), dedelerimizin k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 k\u0131n\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp, analar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 kurudu. Yi\u011fitlerimiz dar a\u011fac\u0131na selam verdiler, babalar\u0131m\u0131z bu ac\u0131ya dayanamay\u0131p, hasret adl\u0131 bir kelimeye kurban gittiler.
\nKan ve k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z topraklar, iki s\u00f6zle\u015fme, iki imzaya pay verildiler. G\u00fclistan ve T\u00fcrkmen\u00e7ay s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine esasen Araz \u00c7ay\u0131 vatan\u0131 ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcp, serhat (s\u0131n\u0131r) ilan edildi. Azerbaycan topra\u011f\u0131nda k\u0131yamet koptu, herkes bir yana ka\u00e7ar, arkada d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fcllesi \u00f6nde Araz’\u0131n ta\u015fk\u0131n suyu; anay\u0131 balas\u0131ndan ay\u0131r\u0131r, k\u00f6rpeler, k\u0131z gelinler d\u00fc\u015fman elinde esir olmas\u0131nlar diye \u00f6zlerini Araz\u2019\u0131n ta\u015fk\u0131n sellerine kapt\u0131r\u0131rlar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131p ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131rlar, baise (mevzuya) lanet okurlar ancak bu ac\u0131 hadise, d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131nda, hasret edebiyat\u0131 adl\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcme imza att\u0131. Bu a\u011f\u0131r ve ac\u0131 ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, bir\u00e7ok \u015fiirler, yaz\u0131lar, \u015fark\u0131lar ve t\u00fcrk\u00fcler yaz\u0131ld\u0131.
\nHasret edebiyat\u0131, analar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n g\u00f6z ya\u015f\u0131nda bo\u011fulan, \u015fair ve yazarlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ac\u0131 duygular\u0131nda do\u011fulan bir edebiyat\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131, ac\u0131, hasret, duygu, gurbet, toprak, vatan, ana bu edebiyat\u0131n esas mahiyetidir. Azerbaycan edebiyat\u0131nda, hasret edebiyat\u0131 ve hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir yere maliktir. Hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131 hasret edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n ikinci y\u00fcz\u00fcd\u00fcr yani o da hasret edebiyat\u0131 gibi ac\u0131 ve duygulu kelimelerle izah olunur. Pek \u00e7ok \u015fah\u0131n eli i\u00e7timai inki\u015faf\u0131n yolundan ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Reng\u00e2renk \u00fcslubayla ve idealarla zengin Azerbaycan edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n tarihinde hicret zamanlar\u0131nda ya\u015fat\u0131lan bu bedii edebiyat numuneleri ehemiyyetli (\u00f6nemli) yer tutar.
\nAzerbaycan hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131 zengin oldu\u011fu kadar de kadimdir (eskidir). Orta nesillerde Azerbaycan’\u0131n g\u00f6rkemli kalem sahiplerinden Hatip Tebrizi ve \u0130madeddin Nesimi vatandan uzakta ya\u015fay\u0131p eserlerini yaratm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 20. asr\u0131n evvellerinden itibaren Azerbaycan hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131 tam formla\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Azerbaycan hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 muhtelif i\u00e7timai siyasi sebeplere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00fclkemizin haricinde \u00fclkelere giderek orada ya\u015fama\u011fa mecbur olan yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler formla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar.
\nBu sebepler aras\u0131nda Rusya’n\u0131n m\u00fcstemlekecilik siyasetinin eski b\u00f6lgeye dayanmas\u0131, Azerbaycan Halk Cumhuriyeti yarat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Bol\u015fevikler taraf\u0131ndan takip edilmesi m\u00fchim yer tutar. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Muharebesi zaman\u0131nda meydana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan esirlik ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131 da hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda m\u00fceyyen rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nHicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131nda vatan hasreti, gurbet duygular\u0131, tarihi hadiselere y\u00f6neltilen farkl\u0131 edebi bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 kuvvetlidir. \u00c7etin \u015feraitte (\u015fartlarda) ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda Azerbaycan’\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya tan\u0131tmaya da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAzerbaycan hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131 d\u00f6rt etapta inki\u015faf etmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n
1. Etap <\/strong> 2. Etap<\/strong> 3. Etap<\/strong> 4. Etap<\/strong> D\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde s\u0131ralanan hasret edebiyat\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":180,"featured_media":9326,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,55],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9325"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/180"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9325"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9325\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n1909-1910 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Rusya H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Kafkas’ta baz\u0131 \u0131slahatlar hayata ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bu \u0131slahatlarla al\u00e2kadar olan h\u00fck\u00fcmet Azerbaycan’\u0131n azat fikirli ziyal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n (ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n) faaliyetine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc nezaret ederdi. Bu sebepten de bir\u00e7ok kalem sahipleri Azerbaycan’\u0131 terk etmeye mecbur oldular. 1. merhalede Azerbaycan hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n esas\u0131 koyuldu ve bu devrin n\u00fcmayendeleri (temsilcileri) hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131 ideolojisinin formla\u015fmas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck tesir g\u00f6sterdiler. Bu merhalenin g\u00f6rkemli n\u00fcmayendeleri (temsilcileri) aras\u0131nda Ali Bey H\u00fcseyinzade, Ahmet Bey A\u011fao\u011flu ve Muhammet Emin Resulzade’nin isimleri ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7eker. Kaydetmek laz\u0131md\u0131r ki \u0130ran’da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddette M. Resulzade do\u011fuda ilk Avrupa standartlar\u0131na uygun “\u0130rane-novin” gazetenin ne\u015frine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sonra Azerbaycan’da ve T\u00fcrkiye’de ne\u015frolunmu\u015f bir s\u0131ra eserlerini de muhafaza edip \u0130ran’da oldu\u011fu devirde kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A. H\u00fcseyinzade ve A. A\u011fao\u011flu bu devirde \u0130stanbul’da ya\u015farken \u201cT\u00fcrk Oca\u011f\u0131\u201d ve \u201c\u0130ttihad ve Terakki\u201d cemiyetlerinde faaliyet g\u00f6sterdiler.<\/p>\n
\nBu etapta Sovyet hakimiyetinin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren 2. D\u00fcnya Muharebesi’ne kadar olan devri ihtiva eder. Bu devirde Bol\u015fevikler m\u00fcsavat\u00e7\u0131lara, ittihat\u00e7\u0131lara ve azat fikirli \u015fahsiyetlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ter\u00f6r tedbirlerini hayata ge\u00e7irdiler. Bunun neticesinde bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6rkemli ziyal\u0131lar (ayd\u0131nlar) Azerbaycan’\u0131 terk ettiler. Onlardan sonra M. B. Mehemmedzadenin, A. Yurdseverin, A. Top\u00e7uba\u015fovun, Y. V. \u00c7imenzeminlinin, C. Hac\u0131beyovun, A. Cafero\u011flunun, K. \u00d6derin, H. Baykaran\u0131n, A. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m’\u0131n ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ektiler. Bu merhalede, Azerbaycan hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rkemli numayendeleri gurbette hakseverlik duygular\u0131, vatan hasreti ile eziyetli, ac\u0131 bir halde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nSovyet devrinde adlar\u0131 an\u0131lan \u015fahsiyetler \u00f6z vatanlar\u0131nda, vatan, millet haini ilan edilir, onlar hakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fman tasavvuru yarat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Sovyet matbuat\u0131nda muntazam olarak \u201cmektuplar\u201d te\u015fkil olunur, onlar \u201chalk d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131\u201d, \u201cvatan haini\u201d damgas\u0131 ile \u201cif\u015fa\u201d edilirdi.
\n1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda ne\u015frolunmaya ba\u015flayan Azerbaycan gazete ve jurnallar\u0131 (k\u00f6t\u00fcleme yaz\u0131s\u0131) hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131na (geli\u015fimine) b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00f6n verdi. Bu devrin n\u00fcmayendelerinin eserleri T\u00fcrkiye’de, Avrupa’n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkelerinde okunur ve yay\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u201cYeni Kafkasya\u201d, \u201cAzeri-T\u00fcrk\u201d, \u201cOdluyurd\u201d, \u201cAzerbaycan Yurt Bilgisi\u201d, \u201cKurtulu\u015f\u201d, \u201cKimi Jurnallar\u201d, \u201cBildiri\u015f\u201d, \u201c\u0130stiklal\u201d ve kimi gazeteler Avrupa’n\u0131n muhtelif \u015fehirlerinde ne\u015frolunurdu.<\/p>\n
\nBu etab\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 2. D\u00fcnya Muharebesi’nin ba\u015flanmas\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 vakte d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Almanlar taraf\u0131ndan esir g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir\u00e7ok Azerbaycanl\u0131lar siyasi sebepler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden vatana d\u00f6nememi\u015flerdir. Sovyet H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Almanlara esir d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f Sovyet askerlerinin sonradan Alman ke\u015ffiyat organlar\u0131na hizmet ettiklerini zannederdi. Ona g\u00f6re de esirlikten vatana d\u00f6nen askerlerin bir\u00e7o\u011fu ya yeniden s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olunur ya da hapis edilirdiler. Onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda muharebeden sonra Sovyet \u0130ttifak\u0131na d\u00f6nmeyerek hari\u00e7te ya\u015fayan ve Azerbaycan hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n gelecek inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fceyyenle\u015ftiren yazarlar ve \u015fairler de vard\u0131. Onu da kaydetmek laz\u0131md\u0131r ki evvelki devirlerle mukayesede bu devrin yarat\u0131c\u0131 potansiyeli o kadar da b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fildir. Lakin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7etinliklere bakmayarak muhacir ediplerin bu nesli de edebiyat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n inki\u015faf\u0131nda az i\u015f g\u00f6rmemi\u015ftir. Bu devir yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n eserleri hem Almanya’da ne\u015frolunan \u201cAzerbaycan\u201d gazetesinde, hem de \u00c7in’in T\u00fcrkiye matbuat\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. En g\u00f6rkemli n\u00fcmayendeleri aras\u0131nda M. Kengerli, A. Da\u011fl\u0131, S. Tekiner, M. Musazade say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
\nKaydetmek laz\u0131md\u0131r ki bu devir hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fceyyen zamana ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Seyid Cafer Pi\u015feveri, Muhammet Biriya, Hemze Fethi, H\u00fck\u00fcme Billuri, Bala\u015f Azero\u011flu, Medine G\u00fclg\u00fcn, Gulamr\u0131za Sabri Tebrizi, Gulamh\u00fcseyn Saedi, Muhammet Ali Mahmud, Hamid Nitgi ve ba\u015fka yaz\u0131c\u0131 ve \u015fairler \u0130ran h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin despotizminden yaka kurtararak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n muhtelif yerlerine, bir hissesi ise \u015eimali Azerbaycan’a hicret etmi\u015ftiler. Bu proses 1945-1946’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Cenubi Azerbaycan’da Milli H\u00fck\u00fcmet’in sugutundan sonra ba\u015fvermi\u015fti. Bununla da Azerbaycan edebiyat\u0131nda \u201cCenub mevzusu\u201d yaranmaya ve inki\u015faf etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130kiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f Azerbaycan derdi, yurt, el oba hasreti bu poeziyan\u0131n (\u015fiirin) dokundu\u011fu esas mevzu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"