{"id":8005,"date":"2016-11-01T19:27:44","date_gmt":"2016-11-01T17:27:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kadrandergi.com.tr\/?p=8005"},"modified":"2016-11-01T19:27:44","modified_gmt":"2016-11-01T17:27:44","slug":"hafiz-sirazi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/?p=8005","title":{"rendered":"Haf\u0131z \u015eirazi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Haf\u0131z, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n semboludur, kalbidir ve en hassas de\u011ferlerinden biridir. Bizim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fczde nas\u0131l ki Yunus Emre, Mevlana, Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli ve Itri g\u00f6n\u00fcllerimizde yer edinmi\u015fse; ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Firdevsi, Hayyam, Sadi, Mevlana ve Haf\u0131z da \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcllerinde taht kurmu\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fairlerdendir. Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en bu \u015fairlerden Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n yeri \u0130ranl\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Bir \u015fair yazd\u0131klar\u0131yla okunur ve sevilir. Her kesime hitap etme sanat\u0131 da burada devreye girer. Elbette bu herkesin ba\u015faramayaca\u011f\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir edebi sanat yetene\u011fidir. Haf\u0131z \u015eirazi bu edebi sanat\u0131 t\u00fcm g\u00fczellikleriyle bize sunmu\u015f 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u015fairlerindendir. Ger\u00e7ek ad\u0131 Hace \u015eemsettin Muhammed\u00a0 lakab\u0131\u00a0Haf\u0131z\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>olan\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>bu \u015fair k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 ezberledi\u011finden dolay\u0131 kendisine bu lakab\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015f ve \u015fiirde de bu mahlas\u0131\u00a0 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Haf\u0131z \u015eirazi\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa bir zaman i\u00e7inde do\u011fdo\u011fu ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olan \u015eiraz\u2019dan b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu etkinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ana etkeni onun tefekk\u00fcr, rind dili, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiirlerinde farkl\u0131 bir zaviye ile yans\u0131tmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk c\u00fcmlede de belirtti\u011fim gibi Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n, \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcllerinde apayr\u0131 bir yeri vard\u0131r, hatta denilebilir ki \u0130ran\u2019da Kur\u2019an\u2019dan sonra\u00a0 en \u00e7ok sat\u0131lan kitap Haf\u0131z Divan\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc\u00a0 \u0130ranl\u0131lar, Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n aynas\u0131nda kendilerini g\u00f6r\u00fcrler; sarho\u015fu da Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131 okur, camideki imam\u0131 da Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131 okur. Her ikisi de kendilerine g\u00f6re Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n Divan\u0131\u2019\u0131ndan pay \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Yani biri\u00a0rind<\/strong>tir, di\u011feri de\u00a0zahit<\/strong>. Haf\u0131z bir beyitte rind ve zahit fark\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle izah eder;<\/p>\n

Allah i\u00e7in olsun h\u0131rka giyen zahitlerle az otur;<\/em><\/p>\n

Var\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funu elden ald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f rindlerden y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc gizleme!<\/em><\/p>\n

Bunun i\u00e7in de Haf\u0131z \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca\u00a0h\u0131rka<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0kelimesinden nefret etmi\u015ftir. Ama kendisi h\u0131rka giymi\u015ftir. H\u0131rka, Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n Divan\u0131\u2019nda olumsuz anlamda kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve h\u0131rka i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle der;\u00a0H\u0131rka, meyhanede \u015farap tutmak i\u00e7indir.<\/em>\u00a0Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n hayattaki amac\u0131 rindliktir; yani insanlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda ibadet etmeyen ama yaln\u0131z kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise \u00e7ok\u00e7a ibadet eden bir ki\u015fili\u011fe sahiptir. Bunun i\u00e7in rindlik, zahitli\u011fe alternatif olarak olu\u015fturulan bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ekolu olmakla birlikte tarihte bu isimle bir mezhep de ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kelime, Haf\u0131z\u2019dan \u00f6nce k\u00f6t\u00fc anlamda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u015fimdi de ayn\u0131 anlamda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ama Haf\u0131z \u015eirazi\u2019nin Divan\u0131\u2019nda mukaddes bir kelimedir. Bu kelimeye ilk anlam veren Senai\u2019dir. Daha sonra Attar, Sadi ve Haf\u0131z bu kelimeyi kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Haf\u0131z, rind oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fczdeki mukadessat d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, baz\u0131 \u015feylere de mukaddesiyet y\u00fcklemi\u015ftir. \u015earap, hanc\u0131 ve sevgili vb. Haf\u0131z, \u015faraba olan i\u015ftiyak\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle dile getirir;<\/p>\n

Gel ey saki, bana, insana hal veren,<\/em><\/p>\n

Kerametini art\u0131ran kemal ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan \u015farab\u0131 sun!<\/em><\/p>\n

Onun \u015fiirlerinin, her zaman diliminde ve Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n her yerde okunup yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n ana unsuru hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz ki (\u00e7a\u011fda\u015f \u015fairlerine g\u00f6re) Haf\u0131z \u015eirazi\u2019nin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dilin, sade ve ak\u0131c\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda uslubunun da her kesime hitap eden bir uslup olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n gazelleri k\u0131sa bir zamanda Horasan, T\u00fcrkistan, Hindistan, Irak ve Arran\u2019da herkesin dilinde okunmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Haf\u0131z kendisi de \u015fiirlerinin bu kadar revac bulmas\u0131n\u0131 bu \u015fekilde s\u00f6yler:<\/p>\n

Haf\u0131z, senin sihri bile aldatan g\u00fczel \u015fiirlerinin \u015f\u00f6hreti,<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u00c7in s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na, Rum ve Rey u\u00e7lar\u0131na kadar vard\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde Haf\u0131z \u015eirazi, T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131\u2019na etki etmi\u015f \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ender \u015fairlerinden biridir. \u00d6zellikle bu etki 15. Ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda o zamanki \u015fairlerin \u015fiirlerinde \u00e7ok\u00e7a fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Onun \u015fiir divan\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 zaman\u0131nda medreselerde Fars\u00e7a olarak tedris edilen ve \u015fiir g\u00fczelli\u011finin ortaya konmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir\u00a0 ana kitap olarak ele al\u0131nan Fars Edebiyat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok nadide eserlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n

Haf\u0131z \u015eirazi\u2019nin kendinden sonra etkiledi\u011fi \u015fairler \u0130ran ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmay\u0131p d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde oldu\u011fu gibi Osmanl\u0131\u2019da da o zamanki \u015fairlerin \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etki yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131\u2019nda hepimizce malum olan ad\u0131, nam\u0131, san\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fairler: Abd\u00fclhak Hamit Tarhan, Muallim Naci ve Yahya Kemal Beyatl\u0131 gibi \u015fairler Haf\u0131z\u2019dan etkilenen b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fairlerimizden sadece birka\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yahya Kemal Beyatl\u0131, Haf\u0131z\u2019dan ilhamla \u201cRindleri \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u201d \u015fiirini yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n kabri olan bah\u00e7ede bir g\u00fcl varm\u0131\u015f;<\/em><\/p>\n

Yeniden her g\u00fcn a\u00e7arm\u0131\u015f kanayan rengiyle.<\/em><\/p>\n

Gece; b\u00fclb\u00fcl a\u011faran vakte kadar a\u011flarm\u0131\u015f,<\/em><\/p>\n

Eski \u015eiraz\u2019\u0131 hayal ettiren ahengiyle.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm asude bahar \u00fclkesidir bir rinde;<\/em><\/p>\n

G\u00f6nl\u00fc her yerde buhurdan gibi y\u0131llarca t\u00fcter.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ve serin serviler alt\u0131nda kalan kabrinde,<\/em><\/p>\n

Her seher bir g\u00fcl a\u00e7ar; her gece bir b\u00fclb\u00fcl \u00f6ter.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Haf\u0131z \u015eirazi\u2019nin hitap etti\u011fi kesimin kendisine g\u00f6re kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0rind<\/strong>\u00a0cenah\u0131n olmas\u0131 sebebiyle beraberinde farkl\u0131 ele\u015ftirileri de getirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onun ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu rind kavram\u0131 al\u0131\u015fagelmi\u015fi yeksan edip yeni bir vizyon olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu da haliyle onu \u00e7ok sert ele\u015ftirilerle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendisine yap\u0131lan ele\u015ftirelere ise edebi bir dille cevap vermi\u015ftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki m\u0131sralar da Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n zahitlere y\u00f6neltti\u011fi ele\u015ftirilerin en hafif olanlar\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Zahire tapan zahit, bizim halimizi bilmez,<\/em><\/p>\n

Onun i\u00e7in hakk\u0131m\u0131zda ne derse desin, ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0Meyhane Piri\u2019nin kuluyum, onun l\u00fctf\u00fc daimdir,<\/em><\/p>\n

Yoksa zahit ve \u015feyhin l\u00fctf\u00fc bazen var, bazen yok.<\/em><\/p>\n

Haf\u0131z \u015eirazi\u2019nin k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fczdeki etkisi \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra bir piramit misali hep y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Ama g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde farkl\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n hakim olmas\u0131 bu etkiyi maalesef k\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f bizi de\u011ferlerimizden, tarihimizden ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fczden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haf\u0131z \u015eirazi\u2019nin \u015fiir divan\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendi d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7erisinde riyakarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve iki y\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tavan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zaman dilimi olmas\u0131 onu bu tarz \u015fiir yazmaya y\u00f6nlendirmi\u015ftir. Elbette bu k\u00f6t\u00fc hasletler bir tek o d\u00f6neme m\u00fcnhas\u0131r de\u011fildir. Bu mezkur hasletler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde daha fazla yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 herkes en yak\u0131n \u00e7evresinde art\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcr olmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015fte burada bu koca \u015fairin divan\u0131, bizim imdad\u0131m\u0131za yeti\u015fir. Neden Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n \u015fiir divan\u0131? Bir toplumda ne kadar bask\u0131 varsa o nispette riyakarl\u0131k ve iki y\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck de olur. Burada da Haf\u0131z nas\u0131l yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131za yol g\u00f6steriyor. \u0130nsan, riyakar ve zahirperest bir zahit olmaktansa avare ve serge\u015fte dola\u015fan bir rind olmay\u0131 tercih etmelidir. Namaz k\u0131l\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektense hi\u00e7 namaz k\u0131lmay\u0131p insanlar\u0131n kulluk hislerini kullanmay\u0131p namaz k\u0131lmamaya m\u00fcreccah edilir. Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n rindlik felsefesi de tam olarak budur.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131nda olu\u015fan iki y\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bertaraf etmenin yegane \u00e7aresi Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n \u015fiirleri gibi \u015fiirler okumak ve ya\u015famam\u0131zda uygulamakt\u0131r. Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131, camideki imam da okumal\u0131 meyhanedeki berd\u00fc\u015ft de okumal\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fair, zahitleri yermesine ra\u011fmen zahit yine onun \u015fiirlerini okur ve kendisine bu \u015fiirlerinden pay \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc zahit onun \u015fiirlerini okurken Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n riyakar zahitleri kastetti\u011fine m\u00fcdrik olur. Haf\u0131z kendisi Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 ezberlemesine ra\u011fmen zahit kesiminden hep nefret etmi\u015ftir. Hatta onun bu nefreti\u00a0\u201ch\u0131rka meyhanede \u015farap tutmak kullan\u0131l\u0131r\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u00fcmlesini diyebilecek bir seviyeye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Peki Haf\u0131z neden zahitlerden bu kadar nefret etmi\u015ftir?! Bunun farkl\u0131 sebepleri vard\u0131r. Ama en \u00f6nemlisi hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yok ki zahitlerin ekseriyetinin riyakar olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Koyun postuna b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f kurt misali.<\/p>\n

Peki Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131 Haf\u0131z yapan nedir? Bu soruya bir iki c\u00fcmle ile cevap vermenin endam\u0131 kameti b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015faire bir hakaret olarak telakki ederim. Ama bu yaz\u0131da bir nebze olsun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ifadeyle de olsa e\u011fer bir \u015fey anlat\u0131labilecekse bu da anlatan i\u00e7in ancak bir bahtiyarl\u0131k olur. As\u0131l konumuza d\u00f6necek olursak, Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131 Haf\u0131z yapan birinci ve ana etkenin zamanlar \u00fcst\u00fc bir tarzda herkese hitap etme edebi sanat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekilde okuyucuya sunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Son olarak da Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n tasavvur etti\u011fi rindinlerin sahip olmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6zellikleri de \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralayabiriz;<\/p>\n

-Rind akl\u0131 esas al\u0131r,<\/p>\n

-Rind c\u00f6merttir,<\/p>\n

-Hayattan lezzet al\u0131r;<\/p>\n

Bunun da iki \u015fart\u0131 var: Lezzete ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmamak ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011fa gitmemek.<\/p>\n

-Rind bencil de\u011fildir,<\/p>\n

-Rind, zahit kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yer al\u0131r,<\/p>\n

-Rind a\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r,<\/p>\n

-G\u00fczellli\u011fe d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnd\u00fcr,<\/p>\n

-Rind insanlar\u0131n faydas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r,<\/p>\n

-\u0130nsanlar\u0131n ele\u015ftirilerini benimsemez,<\/p>\n

-Sarho\u015ftur,<\/p>\n

-Zaman\u0131 bir ganimet bilir,<\/p>\n

-Ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131b\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaz,<\/p>\n

-Rind yalan s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi gibi riya da yapmaz,<\/p>\n

-Ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131na zarar vermekten de ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Topraklar\u0131nda Haf\u0131z<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 makalesinden ilhamla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu yaz\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130ranl\u0131 Tevfik Ha\u015fimpur Suphani\u2019ye te\u015fekk\u00fcr\u00fc bir bor\u00e7 bilirim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Haf\u0131z, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n semboludur, kalbidir ve en…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":8702,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,62],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8005"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/82"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8005"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8005\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8005"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8005"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8005"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}