{"id":10893,"date":"2021-05-01T00:01:50","date_gmt":"2021-04-30T21:01:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kadrandergi.com.tr\/?p=10893"},"modified":"2021-05-01T00:01:50","modified_gmt":"2021-04-30T21:01:50","slug":"olmezden-gormezden-gelmek-aclik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/?p=10893","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6lmezden \/ G\u00f6rmezden Gelmek: \u201cA\u00e7l\u0131k”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/em>“A\u00e7l\u0131k yine bildi\u011fini okuyordu i\u00e7imde; iki gecedir a\u011fz\u0131ma lokma koymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Ama yine de \u00f6yle uzun zaman de\u011fildi bu; ben g\u00fcnlerce s\u00fcren a\u00e7l\u0131klara az m\u0131 dayanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m?”<\/em><\/p>\n

Yazmak istiyor…
\nNas\u0131l yapmal\u0131?
\n\u00d6nce hayatta kalmal\u0131.
\nYa\u015famak denmez buna, \u00f6lmezden gelmeli…<\/p>\n

“A\u00e7l\u0131k” fiziksel, mental, ruhsal ac\u0131n\u0131n harmanland\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt bir yap\u0131m, hakk\u0131 verilmi\u015f bir uyarlama (1966 y\u00f6netmen Henning Carlsen)… \u00d6ncesinde hakk\u0131 verilmi\u015f bir sefaletin edebiyata yans\u0131mas\u0131 (1890) Deneyimledi\u011fini anlat\u0131r insan en iyi… Hamsun’\u0131n Oslo’da ge\u00e7en sefalet dolu zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 “A\u00e7l\u0131k” roman\u0131nda anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi:<\/p>\n

“Beynimde bir \u015fey k\u0131p\u0131rdamaya ba\u015flad\u0131; alttan alta yol bulmaya \u00e7abalayan bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca bir esintiydi bu: Parma\u011f\u0131m\u0131 \u0131s\u0131r\u0131versem? Hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden g\u00f6zlerimi yumdum, di\u015flerimi bast\u0131rd\u0131m.”<\/em>
\n<\/em>
\nJack London’\u0131n “U\u00e7urum \u0130nsanlar\u0131” roman\u0131nda (1903) yoksullu\u011fun -engin ve pis kokulu denizi-ne dald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201c\u00c7amurlu ve balgaml\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131mlardan, portakal, elma kabuklar\u0131, \u00fcz\u00fcm salk\u0131mlar\u0131 topluyor ve bunlar\u0131 yiyorlard\u0131. Di\u015fleriyle ye\u015fil erik \u00e7ekirdeklerini k\u0131r\u0131yorlar, i\u00e7lerini yiyorlard\u0131. Fasulye tanesi b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki ekmek k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, kimsenin elma ko\u00e7an\u0131 demeyece\u011fi kadar kararm\u0131\u015f ve pis elma ko\u00e7anlar\u0131n\u0131 topluyorlar, onlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131na at\u0131yorlar ve \u00e7i\u011fneyip mideye indiriyorlard\u0131. Ve bu, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1902 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 20 A\u011fustos’unda, saat ak\u015fam\u0131n alt\u0131s\u0131yla yedisi aras\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcp g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi en b\u00fcy\u00fck, en zengin ve en kuvvetli imparatorlu\u011funun tam g\u00f6be\u011finde oluyordu.\u201d<\/em>
\n<\/em>
\nGeorge Orwell’\u0131n “Paris ve Londra’da Be\u015f Paras\u0131z” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda (1933) \u00e7izdi\u011fi manzara gibi:<\/p>\n

\u201c…Yoksullu\u011fun basit olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sanm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131r; ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc derecede karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Siz korkun\u00e7 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sanm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131r, sefil ve s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Yoksullu\u011fun kendine has baya\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffediyorsunuz, size ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, cimrili\u011fini ve k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 silip s\u00fcp\u00fcrme halini… …A\u00e7l\u0131k insan\u0131 omurgas\u0131z ve beyinsiz bir hale indirgiyor; bu a\u00e7\u0131dan en \u00e7ok grip hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan etkilerine benzetilebilir. Kendinizi bir denizanas\u0131 gibi ya da v\u00fccudunuzdaki t\u00fcm kan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 pompalanm\u0131\u015f da yerine \u0131l\u0131k su konmu\u015f gibi hissediyorsunuz.\u201d<\/em>
\n<\/em>
\nDostoyevski’nin Kubarbaz’\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131 hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m. Pontus’un m\u00fctevaz\u0131 pansiyon odas\u0131n\u0131n duvar\u0131ndan bizi selamlayan Dostoyevski tesad\u00fcfen bulunmuyordu orada. Vaktinde o da sefaletin dibini s\u0131y\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olanlardand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Varl\u0131kla yokluk aras\u0131nda insan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 s\u0131nan\u0131rken “ideal” bir y\u00fck m\u00fcd\u00fcr, yoksa itici bir g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fcd\u00fcr? Yokluk i\u00e7inde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 arzular insan. Pek az\u0131 ise yoklu\u011fu muazzam bir varl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme yetisine sahiptir. Yoklu\u011fun i\u00e7inden bir \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck dev\u015firmek!.. Mark Twain, Alexandre Dumas, Edgar Allan Poe… Ve bizden birileri: Sefaletin k\u00f6\u015feye s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 isimlerden Peyami Safa, Ankara so\u011fu\u011funda paltosuz dola\u015fan Mehmet Akif, kalemiyle k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da dertlenen Ahmet Hamdi: \u201c26 Te\u015frin-i Sani (Kas\u0131m) 1958. Bug\u00fcn karaci\u011fer muayenesi i\u00e7in hastaneye gidiyorum. \u0130\u00e7imde her \u015fey alt \u00fcst. Bittabi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan ziyade paras\u0131zl\u0131kla me\u015fgul\u00fcm. Cebimde yaln\u0131z bir lira var. Paras\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fck hastal\u0131klar gibi hemen hemen hi\u00e7ten ba\u015flad\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc, \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131 beni alt\u0131na ald\u0131. Etraf\u0131m alacakl\u0131 ile dolu. Cebimde bor\u00e7 senetleri var. \u015eu anda yaln\u0131z bor\u00e7la ve at\u0131fetle ya\u015f\u0131yorum ve bor\u00e7 beni \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rtacak. Kurtulmak i\u00e7in her te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcm yeni borca sebep oluyor. Yahut da bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n edebi proje (\u2026) paras\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mutlak ve \u015fa\u015fmaz tecellileri ve komplikasyonlar\u0131. Abd\u00fclh\u00e2k \u015einasi\u2019den bor\u00e7 para al\u0131yorum. Kemal\u2019den para bulam\u0131yorum\u2026\u201d<\/em>
\n<\/em>
\nEdebiyat d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 yoklad\u0131k madem art\u0131k filme ge\u00e7ebiliriz. Ana karakterimiz Pontus (Per Oscarsson) 1890’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda, o d\u00f6nem Kristiania diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan Oslo’ya k\u0131rsaldan gelmi\u015f bir gen\u00e7tir. Hayat\u0131n\u0131 dergilere yaz\u0131 vererek kazanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130\u015fleri pek de rast gitmez. Bazen de gururu ve kibridir yoluna ta\u015f koyan. Sefaletten gocunmay\u0131p aksine onu a\u011f\u0131rlayan biraz tekinsiz, \u015fizofrenik bir karakter Pontus. Hayat\u0131 i\u00e7selle\u015ftiren, fark\u0131ndal\u0131k e\u015fi\u011fi y\u00fcksek, bir yan\u0131yla \u00f6fkeli; di\u011fer yandan alabildi\u011fine diren\u00e7li, sanr\u0131lar\u0131yla mutlu, zaman zaman umutlu… Girdab\u0131na kap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sefalet y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00f6fkesi kabard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Tanr\u0131\u2019ya g\u00f6nderme yapmakta sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rmeyen, bunal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kusan Pontus; sadece a\u00e7l\u0131kla de\u011fil, ruhsal doyumsuzlukla da ba\u015f etmek zorundad\u0131r. Burnu d\u00fc\u015fse e\u011filip almayacak kadar da gururludur. A\u00e7l\u0131ktan “K\u00f6pe\u011fim i\u00e7in bir par\u00e7a kemik alabilir miyim” diye girdi\u011fi kasaptan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kemi\u011fi kemiren kahraman\u0131m\u0131z, kendisinden yard\u0131m isteyen bir dilenciye yard\u0131m edebilmek i\u00e7in yele\u011fini rehinciye satacak kadar da insan yan\u0131na sad\u0131kt\u0131r. Onurunu ku\u015fan\u0131p verdi\u011fi sava\u015fta \u00e7areyi a\u015fk\u0131n kollar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmakta bulur. Hayallerinin kad\u0131n\u0131 Ylajali farkl\u0131 bir k\u00f6\u015feye savurur ruhunu. Hal\u00fcsinasyon ve ger\u00e7ekler aras\u0131nda gider gelir. Bilemez nerede dursun, bu yoklu\u011fun neresine yama olsun.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 performans\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Per Oscarsson’a Cannes Film Festivali’nde “En \u0130yi Erkek Oyuncu” \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kazand\u0131ran Pontus karakteri, tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z hakk\u0131 verilmi\u015f oyunculu\u011fun en iyi \u00f6rneklerinden. Toplumsal ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik, t\u00fcketim toplumuna y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f \u00f6fke, Tanr\u0131’yla hesapla\u015fma \u00fc\u00e7geninde kurgulanm\u0131\u015f bu yap\u0131m \u00e7o\u011fumuzun bir \u015fekilde “a\u00e7l\u0131k” kavram\u0131 \u00fczerine zihinsel-ruhsal devinimlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde \u0131skalanmamas\u0131 gereken yap\u0131mlardan.<\/p>\n

“Kristiania’da, sillesini yemeden hi\u00e7 kimsenin b\u0131rak\u0131p gidemedi\u011fi bu garip kentte, a\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131na s\u00fcrt\u00fcp durdu\u011fum g\u00fcnlerdeydi”<\/em> diye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sefalet g\u00fcnlerine, filmin son karesinde bir gemiyle var\u0131\u015f\u0131 belli olmayan bir yolculu\u011fa yelken a\u00e7an kahraman\u0131m\u0131z \u015fu s\u00f6zleriyle veda eder:<\/p>\n

\u201cSonra, Kaptan bana yapaca\u011f\u0131m i\u015fi g\u00f6sterdi\u2026 Limandan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca, fiyortta, yorgunluktan, k\u0131z\u0131\u015fmadan terlemi\u015f, do\u011fruldum \u015f\u00f6yle bir karaya bakt\u0131m; \u015fehre, b\u00fct\u00fcn evlerinin pencereleri \u0131\u015f\u0131l \u0131\u015f\u0131l Kristiania\u2019ya, \u015fimdilik ho\u015f\u00e7a kal, dedim.\u201d<\/em>
\n<\/em>
\nA\u00e7l\u0131k ilkel \u00e7a\u011flardan bu yana insan\u0131n en temel itici d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fc. Bu d\u00fcrt\u00fc durdurulamaz, ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Giderilmesi i\u00e7in doyurulmas\u0131 gerekir. Bilim insanlar\u0131 da zaman zaman bu kavrama kafa yormu\u015f, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda “Minnesota A\u00e7l\u0131k Deneyi” ile a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n insanda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 psikolojik ve fiziksel etkilere dair bir tak\u0131m veriler elde etme yoluna gitmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n var olu\u015fundan itibaren tarihi yolculu\u011fumuzda t\u00fcm kavimlerde ve dinlerde a\u00e7l\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne rastlar\u0131z. \u0130badet \u015fekli, nefis terbiyesi, enerji y\u00fckseltme niteliklerinde a\u00e7l\u0131k ya da oru\u00e7, insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131nda daima var olmu\u015ftur. A\u00e7l\u0131k ger\u00e7ektir…<\/p>\n

Sefalet dendi\u011finde Kevin Carter’\u0131n 1993’te Sudan’da \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u00f6d\u00fcll\u00fc foto\u011fraf\u0131 belirir bir\u00e7o\u011fumuzun belle\u011finde. A\u00e7l\u0131ktan yerde s\u00fcr\u00fcnen \u00e7ocuk ve onu av olarak g\u00f6ren akbaba… \u0130kisi de a\u00e7l\u0131kla s\u0131nanan bu iki canl\u0131, ayn\u0131 foto\u011fraf karesindedir. Bu g\u00f6zlem a\u011f\u0131r gelir Carter’\u0131n insaniyetine. Sonunu biliyorsunuz. XXI. yy da halen a\u00e7l\u0131kla m\u00fccadele eden co\u011frafyalar, sefaletle m\u00fccadele eden topluluklar var ve bizler buna \u015fahidiz. Edebiyat \u015fahit, sanat \u015fahit, sinema \u015fahit… Elimizden bir \u015fey gelir ya da gelmez; i\u015fin o k\u0131sm\u0131 bizde, vicdan\u0131m\u0131za. Lakin sorar\u0131z Beh\u00e7et Necatigil’in dizeleriyle :<\/p>\n

\u201c\u015eu du\u0308nyada insan gibi ya\u015famak da yoksa<\/em>
\nNe kal\u0131yor geriye, yu\u0308zy\u0131llardan?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0“A\u00e7l\u0131k yine bildi\u011fini okuyordu i\u00e7imde;…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":288,"featured_media":10982,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10893"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/288"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10893"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10893\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10893"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10893"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10893"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}