{"id":10826,"date":"2021-03-01T00:00:23","date_gmt":"2021-02-28T22:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kadrandergi.com.tr\/?p=10826"},"modified":"2021-03-01T00:00:23","modified_gmt":"2021-02-28T22:00:23","slug":"zihnimdeki-cagin-dusunuru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/?p=10826","title":{"rendered":"Zihnimdeki \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cOrta \u00c7a\u011f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc m\u00fc, R\u00f6nesans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc m\u00fc?\u201d sorusu \u00fczerine bir deneme <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u0130nsan, her g\u00fcn ne yap\u0131yorsa odur.\u201d demi\u015f Aristoteles. Yani bizi biz yapan \u015feyler; al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyam\u0131z ve hayata dair tecr\u00fcbelerimizdir asl\u0131nda. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle anlatt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131zdan ibarettir. Bu y\u00fczden \u201cOrta \u00c7a\u011f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc m\u00fc, yoksa R\u00f6nesans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc m\u00fc olmak isterdim?\u201d sorusunun cevab\u0131 bana g\u00f6re bu ya\u015f\u0131ma gelinceye kadar hayatta ge\u00e7irdi\u011fim farkl\u0131 evrelere ait tecr\u00fcbelerime dayal\u0131 olmak zorunda. Zira zihnim, ben ne yaparsam yapay\u0131m ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsem d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcneyim kendi i\u00e7ime y\u00f6nelmemden ba\u015fka yol b\u0131rakm\u0131yor. Ger\u00e7i bu durum, Persius ve Montaigne taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6v\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 memnunum. Persius, \u201cNemo in sese tentat descendere!\u201d der; \u201cKimse kendi i\u00e7ine inmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz!\u201d anlam\u0131nda. Bunun devam\u0131 olarak Montaigne da \u201cBense kendi i\u00e7imde yuvarlan\u0131p gidiyorum.\u201d demi\u015f; adeta bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn nas\u0131l bir ruh hali i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret edercesine. \u0130nsan denilen karma\u015f\u0131k varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n baz\u0131 sorulara cevab\u0131 da kendi i\u00e7inde yuvarlanmas\u0131yla ilgilidir. Nitekim R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131 da tam olarak b\u00f6yle tan\u0131ml\u0131yorum. Belli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde kendini hapsolmu\u015f hissedenlerin, kendi i\u00e7lerinde yuvarlanmalar\u0131&#8230; Kendilerini, insan\u0131 yeniden tan\u0131maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131&#8230; As\u0131rlard\u0131r s\u00fcregelen bilme eylemine yeni bir perspektif sunarak, kal\u0131plara s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n verdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ac\u0131y\u0131 yenmeleri\u2026 \u0130lgin\u00e7tir ki t\u00fcm bunlar yine bu ac\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flayan zemine ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. O sebeple, \u201cKaranl\u0131k Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u201d tabirine pek s\u0131cak bakanlardan de\u011filim. Peki as\u0131l soruya d\u00f6nersek, \u201cBen nas\u0131l bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcm?\u201d \u0130ster ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fayan bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr olarak, ister bug\u00fcnden ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bakan bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr olarak ben hangisiyim? Her ikisiyim! Bazen Orta \u00e7a\u011fa, bazen de R\u00f6nesans\u2019a aitim. Bir\u00e7o\u011fumuz da b\u00f6yle asl\u0131nda!<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131ras\u0131yla manast\u0131r, katedral ve \u00fcniversitelerde kurumsalla\u015farak ilerleyen ve olabildi\u011fince teknik bir tarzda geli\u015fen \u201cSkolastik Felsefe\u201d belli bir gelene\u011fin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki bu gelenek asl\u0131nda bir bilme y\u00f6ntemini ifade eder. Sadece vahyin veya tek ba\u015f\u0131na akl\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlere k\u0131yasla Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, akl\u0131n da kendine ait konular\u0131 olan bir disiplin oldu\u011funa vurgu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131,\u00a0 ak\u0131l ve vahiy aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc in\u015fa edilme s\u00fcreci olarak da g\u00f6rebiliriz. Daha iyi anlamak i\u00e7in bu d\u00f6nemin en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinden biri olan Aquinal\u0131 Thomas\u2019\u0131 ele al\u0131rsak, o da iman kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda akl\u0131, teoloji kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da felsefeyi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kartmam\u0131\u015f. Aksine vahyi temel alarak vahiy yoluyla bilinen hakikatlerin pek \u00e7o\u011funun ancak iman temeli \u00fczerinden kabul edilebilece\u011fini ve bu hakikatlerin ak\u0131l yoluyla, akl\u0131n do\u011fal \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kan\u0131tlanabilecek hakikatler oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu k\u00f6pr\u00fcye bug\u00fcnden bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda kendimizi bu k\u00f6pr\u00fcden ne kadar soyutlayabiliriz ki? Genel olarak kendini dindar biri olarak tan\u0131mlayanlar\u0131 kastediyorum elbette! Bug\u00fcn de kendi inan\u00e7 d\u00fcnyam\u0131z \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bu k\u00f6pr\u00fcye ait bilme eyleminin baz\u0131 y\u00f6nlerini ki\u015fiye \u00f6zel olsa da \u00f6yle ya da b\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteyiz\/s\u00fcrmekteyim. Belki de bu y\u00fczden Orta \u00c7a\u011f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerine kendimi yak\u0131n hissetti\u011fim ger\u00e7e\u011fini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edemedim ve sadece R\u00f6nesans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri gibi g\u00f6rmedim kendimi. \u00d6te yandan tek bir bilme y\u00f6ntemine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 kalman\u0131n getirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu kabu\u011fa da s\u0131\u011fam\u0131yorum. Evrene dair s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n, keskin s\u0131n\u0131rlarla \u00e7izilmesi ve bu s\u0131n\u0131rlara yakla\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131 bana do\u011fru gelmiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Aristoteles\u2019in metafizik altyap\u0131s\u0131yla birlikte ortaya koydu\u011fu kozmolojik sistem kilise taraf\u0131ndan kutsal kitaba uygunlu\u011fu baz al\u0131narak kabul ediliyor ve her ne kadar yap\u0131lan g\u00f6zlemler, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler uyu\u015fmasa da Kopernik ve Kepler\u2019e kadar bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lamayarak do\u011fru bir kozmoloji sistemi kurulam\u0131yor. \u00d6yleyse s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6neme ait bilme eylemi, beni (ister o d\u00f6nemde olay\u0131m ister bug\u00fcnden bakay\u0131m) hakikate g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011fini iddia ederken hakikatten al\u0131koyuyorsa bunu rasyonel bir \u015fekilde b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle nas\u0131l kabullenebilirim? Burada akl\u0131m\u0131za gelen ilk soru do\u011fru kabul edece\u011fimiz tek bir bilme y\u00f6ntemi mi var yoksa insan olarak birden \u00e7ok bilme y\u00f6ntemini kullanabilir miyiz? Bence tek bir bilme y\u00f6ntemine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak tarih boyunca bizi yan\u0131ltt\u0131 ve en nihayetinde Skolastik D\u00f6nemin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler, realizmin yerine nominalizmi ge\u00e7irdiler. Dine zarar vermeden bilim ve felsefeyi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kararak dikkatlerini \u00f6te ya da a\u015fk\u0131n bir d\u00fcnyadan ziyade, yava\u015f yava\u015f bu d\u00fcnyaya y\u00f6nelttiler. Zira Skolastik D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kriz artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir yanda Aristoteles\u00e7iler ve Tommasoculardan meydana gelen eskiler, di\u011fer yanda Ockhamc\u0131l\u0131ktan esinlenen modernler&#8230; Hepimizin bildi\u011fi gibi ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda genelde yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sayfa, retori\u011fin diyalekti\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 zaferi olan H\u00fcmanizmayd\u0131. Antik metinlere yeniden d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn temsili&#8230; \u0130nsana yeniden bir bak\u0131\u015f; \u015fiire, esteti\u011fe ve ahl\u00e2ka vurgu: R\u00f6nesans.<\/p>\n<p>Bu zamana kadar \u00f6\u011fretilen bilgilerin eksik ya da yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu sonucu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri ku\u015fkuya s\u00fcr\u00fckledi. D\u00fcnya, Batlamyus\u2019un \u00e7izdi\u011fi haritadan daha farkl\u0131yd\u0131. Aristarkos hakl\u0131yd\u0131, bilinenin aksine yery\u00fcz\u00fc evrenin merkezinde sabit de\u011fildi ve di\u011fer gezegenlerle birlikte G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcyordu. \u00dcstelik Do\u011fu\u2019da yeni bir \u015feyler oluyordu; matbaa, pusula, barut ve k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131n icad\u0131 onlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n en etkili simalar\u0131ndan Leonardo Da Vinci de t\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmelerin fark\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr olarak bilimin \u00e7o\u011fu alan\u0131yla ilgilendi ve evrensel olma yolunu se\u00e7ti. Do\u011fan\u0131n bilgisiyle insan\u0131n m\u00fckemmelli\u011fini, Mona Lisa\u2019y\u0131 \u00e7izerek sentezledi. R\u00f6nesans\u2019a biraz daha yak\u0131ndan bakarsak do\u011faya ve insana dair bildiklerimizin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 asl\u0131nda bizim belirledi\u011fimizi g\u00f6rebiliriz. \u00d6zg\u00fcr merak duygumuzla bir\u00e7ok \u015feyi ba\u015farabilmi\u015ftik. \u00d6yleyse tek metotlu bir bilme eylemine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak kendimizi belirli s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde hapsetmeye gerek yoktu. Orta \u00c7a\u011f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri, evrensel k\u00fclt\u00fcre \u00fcniversiteyi hediye ederek vazifesini tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve ya\u015fanan yeni geli\u015fmeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda her \u015feye ba\u015ftan ba\u015flamal\u0131yd\u0131k. Fikirlerimizle ac\u0131 duymak yerine kal\u0131plar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak evreni, insan\u0131 yeniden ke\u015ffetmeli, kitaplara yeniden ba\u015fvurmal\u0131yd\u0131k. \u201cG\u00f6ksel K\u00fcrelerin Devinimleri \u00dczerine\u201d bask\u0131ya giderken Kopernik \u00e7ekinmemeliydi. R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n bu ruhu, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m zihinsel devrime de benziyor. Kendi g\u00fcne\u015fimin bulutu olmamaya karar verdi\u011fim d\u00f6neme&#8230; Her ikisiyim derken ne kastetti\u011fimi anlatabilmi\u015fimdir umar\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p>Tek bir do\u011fruyu tek bir d\u00f6neme atfetmek yerine, t\u00fcm d\u00f6nemlerdeki do\u011frular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 tek bir k\u00fcre i\u00e7ine alabiliriz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan\u0131z; son derece karma\u015f\u0131kken bir o kadar da sade\u2026 Ad\u0131na \u201c<em>hakikat\u201d<\/em> dedi\u011fimiz ve \u00e2\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz ger\u00e7eklik k\u00fcresine ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 yollar\u0131 deneme cesaretini ger\u00e7ekten g\u00f6sterebilirsek i\u015fte ancak o zaman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen bir varl\u0131k olarak sonsuz tatmine ula\u015fabiliriz!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cOrta \u00c7a\u011f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc m\u00fc, R\u00f6nesans&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":291,"featured_media":10797,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[67,53],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10826"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/291"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10826"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10826\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10826"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}