Kad\u0131n olmak XIX. yy da da zordu, bug\u00fcn de zor… E\u015fiyle bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam eden Marie Curie \u015fansl\u0131 olanlardand\u0131. K\u0131z\u0131 Irene’yi kuca\u011f\u0131na ald\u0131ktan sonra en b\u00fcy\u00fck destek\u00e7ileri ablas\u0131 ve e\u015finin ailesiydi. Onlar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla ara vermeden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam edebildi. Kocas\u0131yla birlikte yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7in Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019ne aday g\u00f6sterilmek istendiklerinde kurul kad\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Marie\u2019nin ad\u0131na \u00f6d\u00fcl vermeyi reddetti. Kocas\u0131 Pierre “tamam” deseydi \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc kendi ad\u0131na alabilirdi. O ne yapt\u0131? E\u015finin ad\u0131 ge\u00e7mezse \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc kabul etmeyece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Kurul \u00fcyeleri mecbur kald\u0131 Marie Curie ismini yazmaya ve biz bug\u00fcn bu ismi Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc alan ilk kad\u0131n olarak biliyoruz. \u00d6d\u00fcl ald\u0131 almas\u0131na ancak ilk Nobel\u2019ini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00f6rende kad\u0131n olmas\u0131 sebebiyle konu\u015fmas\u0131na m\u00fcsaade edilmedi. Konu\u015fmay\u0131 e\u015fi Pierre yapmak zorunda kald\u0131. Pes etmedi; akademik ya\u015famda kad\u0131nlara f\u0131rsat sa\u011flama ama\u00e7l\u0131 kurulan “Curie Vakf\u0131”n\u0131n kurulu\u015funda aktif rol ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Peki, Einstein\u2019\u0131n kar\u0131s\u0131? Ad\u0131n\u0131 bilmeyiz \u00e7o\u011fumuz. Ljubljana \u00dcniversitesi fizik profes\u00f6r\u00fc Dord Krsti\u0107 “Mileva & Albert Einstein: Their Love and Scientific Collaboration” isimli kitab\u0131nda o zamanlarda kad\u0131nlara y\u00f6nelik yayg\u0131n \u00f6nyarg\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir kad\u0131n\u0131n ismiyle birlikte yay\u0131mlanan bir yay\u0131n\u0131n yeterince ciddiye al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131 bilindi\u011finden, asl\u0131nda Mileva\u2019n\u0131n olabilecek kimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sadece Albert Einstein imzas\u0131yla yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u0130kilinin mektuplar\u0131n\u0131n eserin temelini olu\u015fturdu\u011fu “Einstein\u2019\u0131n Kar\u0131s\u0131” isimli kitapta ise Mileva’n\u0131n dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 potansiyeliyle, Einstein\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 hususunda en b\u00fcy\u00fck destek\u00e7isi oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Albert mektuplar\u0131nda, \u201cizafi hareket \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u201d gibi ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya i\u015faret eden ifadelere de tekrar tekrar yer veriyor. Biz buradan Mileva’n\u0131n Albert’\u0131n geli\u015fimine ciddi anlamda katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ancak e\u015fiyle birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan, engelli do\u011fan \u00e7ocu\u011funun bak\u0131m\u0131 u\u011fruna vazge\u00e7iyor. Kariyerini feda etmek zorunda kal\u0131yor. Bu onun tercihiydi elbette ve derin bir sayg\u0131y\u0131 hak ediyordu. Oysa o Albert’\u0131n yetene\u011fini fark edenlerin belki de ilkiydi. Hem motivasyon kayna\u011f\u0131 hem de en b\u00fcy\u00fck yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Kendi ad\u0131 ge\u00e7er de yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ciddiye al\u0131nmaz diye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan kendi imzas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmesi yeterince tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da engellemi\u015f oldu. Erkek egemen bilim toplulu\u011funda, \u00f6n yarg\u0131 duvarlar\u0131na \u00e7arpan Mileva’n\u0131n sesi b\u00f6ylece k\u0131s\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
Toplumda Pierre gibi ahlaki seviyesi y\u00fcksek, \u00f6z g\u00fcvenli erkeklerin, e\u015flerinin yan\u0131nda sa\u011flam bir dayanak olarak bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n; erkek egemen toplumda kad\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fini bir nebze olsun kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Mileva gibi fedak\u00e2r kad\u0131nlar\u0131n da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada. Ancak ac\u0131 olan ne biliyor musunuz? Kad\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131na olan kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131… Krali\u00e7e Victoria \u0130ngiltere’sinde kad\u0131nlara hak isteyenlere en kar\u015f\u0131 ismin yine bir kad\u0131n olan Victoria olmas\u0131 gibi… Oysa kad\u0131n\u0131n hemcinsiyle empati kurabilmesi daha kolay olmal\u0131yd\u0131…<\/p>\n
XX. yy’dan \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6rnek daha sizlere. Ortado\u011fu tarihi ile ilgilenenler iyi bilirler Gerthrude Lowthian Bell ismini; “Ortado\u011fu’da s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7izen kad\u0131n” olarak. XIX. yy Victoria \u0130ngiltere\u2019sinde, T\u00fcrk-\u0130ngiliz ili\u015fkilerinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi, kin ve nefret s\u00f6ylemlerinin doru\u011fa ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Babas\u0131n\u0131n maddi g\u00fcc\u00fc yerindeydi. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimine \u00f6nem veren, e\u011fitimli ve ileri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc bir \u00fcvey annesi vard\u0131; Floransa Oliffe… O y\u00fczden di\u011fer k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a \u015fansl\u0131yd\u0131. \u015eans\u0131, paradan \u00e7ok bu kad\u0131nd\u0131. Bitmek bilmez bir merak\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenme iste\u011fi de vard\u0131. \u0130ngiltere’de Red Barns’ta tutucu toplum yap\u0131s\u0131na direndi. Krali\u00e7e nezdinde bile “kad\u0131n\u0131n en m\u00fchim g\u00f6revi \u00e7ocuk do\u011furmak ve iffetini korumak”t\u0131. O ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, erke\u011fin ve hatta -kad\u0131n-\u0131n yad\u0131rgama, k\u0131nama ve engelleme hamlelerini ba\u015far\u0131yla savu\u015fturarak, e\u011fitim hayat\u0131na da cemiyet hayat\u0131na da d\u00e2hil oldu, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul ettirdi.<\/p>\n
Erkeklerle e\u015fit ko\u015fullarda ya\u015famak istiyordu. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnd\u00fc ancak o g\u00fcn\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bunun i\u00e7in gere\u011finden cesur davranmas\u0131 gerekiyordu, \u00f6yle de yapt\u0131. O \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc arzularken, ilgin\u00e7tir ki di\u011fer taraftan birey olduklar\u0131n\u0131 Krali\u00e7e’ye kabul ettirmek isteyen, daha fazla hak isteyen di\u011fer kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oy kullanma taleplerine kar\u015f\u0131 tav\u0131r alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. S\u00fcfraj hareketini (kad\u0131nlar\u0131n se\u00e7me ve se\u00e7ilme hakk\u0131n\u0131 savunan hareket) protesto eden bir derne\u011fin genel sekreterli\u011fini y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Oysa ge\u00e7mi\u015fte okul y\u0131llar\u0131nda, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oy kullanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 savunan ate\u015fli konu\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu bir \u00e7eli\u015fkiydi ancak bu \u00e7eli\u015fki onun ki\u015fisel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden ziyade devlet\u00e7i \u00e7izgide hareket etmesiyle ilgiliydi. XX. yy ba\u015flar\u0131nda devleti ad\u0131na Ortado\u011fu’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi -fedak\u00e2rca- \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kad\u0131n oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle ya hi\u00e7 alamad\u0131 ya da ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 para yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmeti kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131. G\u00f6rev tan\u0131m\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma konusu oldu. Neyse ki babas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi har\u00e7l\u0131klar vard\u0131…<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nem fig\u00fcr\u00fc Thomas Edward Lawrence ismini tarihle ilgilensin, ilgilenmesin \u00e7o\u011fu insan bilir. Oysa Bell’den daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve etkili de\u011fildir faaliyetlerine ve donan\u0131m\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda. Lawrence bilhassa gazeteci Lowell Thomas\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131 sayesinde Hollywood taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi. Asl\u0131nda efeminen ve \u00fcrkek bir yap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131. Ancak sinema sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne bir kahraman gerekiyordu. Yaz\u0131lan senaryo onu Arap \u00fclkelerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftiren insan mevkisine bir \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131da y\u00fckseltiverdi. ( Lawrence of Arabia\u00a01962 yap\u0131m\u0131 Oscarl\u0131 film) Bell ise unutulmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f bir fig\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ta ki Sykes-Picot anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 100. y\u0131l\u0131nda, bir kad\u0131n\u0131n casusluk ve idealizm eksenindeki hik\u00e2yesi sinema sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne cazip g\u00f6r\u00fcnene kadar. XXI. yy da b\u00f6yle bir yap\u0131mla izleyici kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmak anlaml\u0131 olacakt\u0131. B\u00f6ylece \u00e7ekildi Werner Herzog’un y\u00f6netti\u011fi, ba\u015frol\u00fcn\u00fc Nicole Kidman’\u0131n oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “\u00c7\u00f6l Krali\u00e7esi” filmi. Y\u0131l 2015… Film 2016 da T\u00fcrkiye’de de g\u00f6sterime girdi. Beklenen etkiyi yapt\u0131 ve Bell ismi d\u00fcnya kamuoyunun haf\u0131zas\u0131na i\u015flendi.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnekleri \u00e7o\u011faltabilir, alt alta koyabilir, be\u011feniler toplayabiliriz. Yaz\u0131l\u0131p-\u00e7izilenlerden bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m yap\u0131p insan yan\u0131m\u0131za katk\u0131 sa\u011flayam\u0131yorsak; dahas\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fcp etraf\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle dikkatlice g\u00f6zlemledi\u011fimizde bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, hayata kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015f, kimli\u011fine-ki\u015fili\u011fine sahip \u00e7\u0131kma anlam\u0131nda bir fark yaratm\u0131yorsa t\u00fcm bunlar, nafiledir t\u00fcm \u00e7abalar. Kad\u0131n\u0131n erkekle, ataerkil d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fccadelesi hepimizin malumudur. Bunu yaparken verilen m\u00fccadelenin kutsanmas\u0131yla \u00f6z ele\u015ftiriden kopmam\u0131z belki en b\u00fcy\u00fck handikab\u0131m\u0131z oldu. Hatta meseleyi cinsiyet\u00e7ilik ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak bir t\u0131kanmaya da sebep oldu asl\u0131nda. Kad\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131nla olan m\u00fcnasebetine yeterince odaklanamad\u0131k. Oysa Krali\u00e7e bile olsa geliniyle \u00e7eki\u015fme ya\u015famaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmayan kay\u0131nvalide fig\u00fcr\u00fc de vard\u0131 hayat\u0131n i\u00e7inde, mobing uygulamaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmayan patroni\u00e7e de, birbirini \u00e7ekemeyen elti de, yuva y\u0131kan kad\u0131n da… \u00d6zg\u00fcveni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kad\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n adresi yine hemcinsiydi. Potansiyel rakipti bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc. Ruhen \u00f6yle bir h\u0131rpalanmal\u0131yd\u0131 ki boyunun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc almal\u0131yd\u0131. Ego devreye girdi\u011finde kad\u0131n kad\u0131na destek de\u011fil basamakt\u0131 ancak. \u00dczerine bas\u0131p, ba\u015f\u0131 ezilesi t\u00fcrden. Ahvalimiz buyken kad\u0131n olarak; kad\u0131n haklar\u0131, kad\u0131na sayg\u0131 s\u00f6ylemlerimiz nas\u0131l da e\u011freti ve samimiyetsiz.<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131n, kad\u0131n\u0131 “ama”s\u0131z, “fakat”s\u0131z anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece XIX. yy da kalm\u0131\u015f\u0131z, XXI. yy \u0131 deneyimlemi\u015fiz, fark eder mi ger\u00e7ekten?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kad\u0131n olmak XIX. yy da da…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":288,"featured_media":10786,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[67,53],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10805"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/288"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10805"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10805\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadrandergi.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}